In 1996 the author and inventor of the SYMLOG system, Robert F. Bales, was interviewed and answered a number of questions. His answer to the question, “How is SYMLOG different from other instruments?” will inform your journey through this section on how other models and instruments relate to the SYMLOG system.
In part, Bales’ answer is that SYMLOG measures a great many more important things about an organization, about the individual persons, and teams, than any other instrument. Most other instruments are training instruments. They tell individuals in an educational kind of situation something about themselves, the way they think, or ways to think about the job they do. But other instruments don’t purport to give a picture of a team, or an organization, and its various parts, and how they conflict with each other, and what can be done about it. SYMLOG is a method of diagnosis, rather than a kind of educational addition to the individual.
To understand the overlap, it is important to have a picture of how the three critical dimensions of social interaction that SYMLOG measures are displayed.
SYMLOG is a field theory, and one way results from SYMLOG measurements are displayed visually is in a "field" diagram. It is a field of unifying and polarizing forces that influence behavior. The "field" encompasses the major characteristics of social interaction, and, as such, each area within the field has specific meanings attributed to it.
Study the PDF "Traits often used to describe effective and ineffective leaders" for a moment, to become familiar with words typically used to describe effective and ineffective leaders, or individuals with whom you interact.
This diagram uses the same words that were randomly displayed, but have now been grouped according to the dimensions that SYMLOG measures. Note three different font sizes are used in all the groupings. The x-axis, labeled P-N, measures relationship to others, whether group or individually oriented. The y-axis, labeled F-B, measures relationship to external authority and whether accepting or rejecting.
The three font sizes are used to depict the third dimension: if the characteristic noted is generally experienced as dominant, submissive, or in between (neither dominant nor submissive).
An example diagram containing images of famous people will further aid in understanding the different characteristics associated with the evaluative space.
They describe and label, but do not integrate findings. They deal primarily, if not exclusively, with characteristics associated with the upper right hand quadrant of the SYMLOG space.
Descriptive models can provide good information to respondents about their personality, preferences, styles, decision-making processes, and the like. Since they lack a measurement system, however, or underlying theoretical basis (field theory in the case of SYMLOG), these instruments fail in some critical respects.
The presentation of models and existing assessment instruments that follow are based on their compatibility with the SYMLOG theory and model. As such, not only are the offerings complementary, but the further use of SYMLOG, in addition to what we are presenting, could greatly enhance your use of the tools and their impact on personal insight and understanding of developmental issues.
SYMLOG theory incorporates three dimensions proven to be those used by individuals when evaluating interaction. These dimensions encompass those presented in the assessments that follow, and can be used not only to explain interpersonal interaction, but also demonstrate how the behavior of individuals is likely to impact and influence the reactions of others.
U-D deals with issues of dominance, power, level/degree of involvement with others, personal prominence, need for status and recognition
P-N deals with your relationship to others, whether friendly and group oriented or more isolated and individually focused, if you show self or other directed behavior
Most of the models describe characteristics associated with the PF part of the space, and deal, at best, with conflict in the F to P direction. This is the classic polarization between the concern for task (F) and the concern for people (P).
The diagram below indicates the four quadrants of SYMLOG, the general area covered by many of these models (a little larger than the PF quadrant alone). While this shaded PF area encompasses orientations that most people desire to be perceived, what they rate as most effective in social interaction, what is desired in the future, and where they rate those they have known as most effective leaders, many individuals are rated by others as showing value-orientations that are not in this PF area.
Each circle represents the rating of a co-worker made at the request of a boss or co-worker attending a leadership workshop.
You will note how many of the circles fall outside of the PF quadrant. How can models that do not take into account these other value-orientation deal effectively with these individuals?
A SYMLOG diagnostic provides feedback on all areas of relevant behavior or perceived values in interaction.
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Robert Freed Bales, Ph.D. (1916-2004), Harvard University, is the author and inventor of the SYMLOG® (a SYstem for the Multiple Level Observation of Groups) system. In his search for universal features, Bales redefined the fundamental boundaries of social interaction, and established criteria for the behavior and values of leaders and followers. Bales offered a new "field theory," an appreciation of the multiple contexts in which people live.
Widely published and one of the most often quoted social psychologists, Bales worked closely with SYMLOG Consulting Group until his death in 2004. His last book, Social interaction systems: Theory and measurement (1999), is the culmination of a half century of work in the field of social psychology. He was a pioneer at the Department of Social Relations at Harvard University and a seminal member of the Harvard Project.
Led by Talcott Parsons, Gordon W. Allport, Henry A. Murray, and Clyde M. Kluckhohn, the Harvard Project was intended to establish an integrative framework for social psychology. That framework would take into consideration the interaction, the context and content of communication, and the value-orientation of the participants.
Bales devoted his life’s work to developing this integrative framework, and saw this as a personal involvement that went far behavior the classical experimental approach to the study of groups. His work and findings allowed for an understanding of polarizations as they actually exist in interaction -- between conservative and liberal, individualistic and authoritarian, and libertarian and communitarian orientations.
Bales repeatedly emphasized that the mental processes of individuals and their social interactions take place in systematic contexts that can be measured. Hence, they permit explanation and prediction of behavior in a more exact way than in past traditions.
The significance of his work has been repeatedly recognized by scholars and practitioners alike. He received awards from the American Psychological Foundation (1983), the American Sociological Association Cooley-Meal Award (1983), and the California Psychological Association Award (1999) from the Division of Industrial and Organizational Psychology for his fifty years of work.
He maintained an active collaboration with the SYMLOG Consulting Group (SCG) until his death in 2004.