Robert Freed Bales,
Professor Emeritus, Harvard University, is the author and inventor
of the SYMLOG system. It is the culmination of his life's work and
is continually being refined as new research and data become
available.
Dr. Bales began his research to answer the question, "What
is meant by the situation?" He
found that dynamic and complex situations serve as the context for
all social interactions. In developing SYMLOG, now the method of
choice for measuring and examining those interactions, Bales broke
from traditional inadequate static and linear methods of measurement
to pioneer a new approach to understanding dynamic relationships.
Widely published and one of the most often quoted social
psychologists, Bales, the author and inventor of the SYMLOG
system, worked closely with SYMLOG Consulting Group
until his death in 2004. A review of his latest
book (Transaction Press, 1999) included the following:
Social Interaction Systems: Theory and
Measurement is the culmination of a half century of
work in the field of social psychology by Robert Freed Bales, a
pioneer at the Department of Social Relations at Harvard University.
Led by Talcott Parsons, Gordon W. Allport, Henry A. Murray, and
Clyde M. Kluckhohn, the Harvard Project was intended to establish an
integrative framework for social psychology, one based on the
interaction process, augmented by value content analysis. Bales sees
this approach as a personal involvement that goes far beyond the
classical experimental approach to the study of groups.
Bales developed SYMLOG, which stands for a
SYstem for the Multiple
Level Observation
of Groups. The SYMLOG Consulting Group
approach was worldwide as well as interactive. It created a
data bank that made possible a search for general laws of human
interaction far beyond anything thus far known. In his daring search
for universal features, Bales redefines the fundamental boundaries
of the field, and in so doing establishes criteria for the behavior
and values of leaders and followers. Bales offers a new "field
theory," an appreciation of the multiple contexts in which
people live.
Bales does not aim to eradicate differences, but to understand
them. In this sense, the values inherent in any interaction
situation permit the psychologist to appreciate the sources of
polarization as they actually exist: between conservative and
liberal, individualistic and authoritarian, libertarian and
communitarian. Bales repeatedly emphasizes that the mental processes
of individuals and their social interactions take place in
systematic contexts which can be measured. Hence they permit
explanation and prediction of behavior in a more
exact way than in past traditions. Bales has offered a pioneering
work that has the potential to move us into a new theoretical epoch
no less than a new century. His work holds out the promise of
synthesis and support for psychologists, sociologists, and all who
work with groups and organizations of all kinds.
Robert Freed Bales is professor emeritus of social relations at
Harvard University. In 1983, he founded the SYMLOG Consulting Group
with colleagues in San Diego. He is the author of Interaction
Process Analysis; Personality and Interpersonal Behavior; and
co-author, with Talcott Parsons and Edward Shils, of Working Papers
in the Theory of Action. He has well over 100 professional papers in
the major journals of sociology and psychology.